Thailand is not a signatory to the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol and does not have a formal national asylum framework. In the absence of legal protection, refugees and asylum seekers have no legal status and remain at risk of arrest, arbitrary and indefinite detention, constant discrimination, deportation, and possible refoulement. Access to justice is limited and exploitation and abuse of refugees and asylum seekers by Thai authorities is rife. The vast majority of refugees in Thailand are ethnic minorities from neighbouring Myanmar. There is also a sizable population of stateless Rohingya refugees who are fleeing violence and persecution in Myanmar, and in their attempts to reach Malaysia are often smuggled and trafficked through Thailand. The number of refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand has lowered in the past 2 years, likely due to resettlement and spontaneous returns.
Factsheet here.