FOREWORD
Over the past five years, we have borne witness to how efforts to achieve peace have encountered significant challenges and serious setbacks. Armed conflicts in various parts of the world, acts of genocide against specific communities and ethnic groups, discrimination based on identity, as well as climate change, have had profound impacts on global dynamics. One phenomenon that has come under increasing global scrutiny is forced displacement, marked by the rising number of refugees and asylum seekers worldwide. As civilized states operating within the framework of international law, how should states respond to this phenomenon? How should a human rights–based approach be applied in addressing this humanitarian issue? And what role might social and community actors play? These questions are relevant for assessing the modalities, capacities, and best practices required in responding to forced migration.
Indonesia, although not a country affected by armed conflict, large-scale national crises, or active hostilities, nonetheless holds a role and legal obligations in responding to forced migration. Due to geographical, socio-cultural, and other contributing factors, Indonesia has become one of the countries hosting refugees and asylum seekers. At the time this report was written, Indonesia was home to more than 11,000 refugees and asylum seekers from various countries of origin. As a state governed by the rule of law, adherence to international standards and the protection of the human rights of refugees and asylum seekers are imperative. This report presents an overview of the international context (which also affects Indonesia) and the national situation regarding the protection of refugees and asylum seekers; political and policy developments across different administrations; community-based data; and a comprehensive analysis of the roles played by SUAKA as part of civil society and as a key stakeholder. Through this presentation of data and analysis, SUAKA seeks to highlight that Indonesia, as the primary duty bearer in the protection of human rights, has yet to fulfill its obligations in a comprehensive manner. As a form of advocacy for change, civil and community actors play an active role. This report is intended not only to provide an up-to-date situational overview, but also to offer key recommendations aimed at mobilising support, strengthening collaboration, and promoting human rights–based policy reforms for the protection of refugees and asylum seekers in Indonesia. Furthermore, SUAKA hopes this report will contribute to increased awareness and broader support for human rights protection, which remains crucial to the conditions faced by refugees and asylum seekers in Indonesia. Human rights belong to everyone, without exception, and are universal to all human beings.